What is Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease)?
Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is an inflammatory condition that affects the gums and supporting tissues of the teeth. It begins with the accumulation of plaque – a sticky film of bacteria – along the gumline, leading to irritation and inflammation of the gums. Without proper treatment, gum disease can progress, causing gum recession, tooth loss, and other serious complications.
Causes of Gum Disease:
Several factors can contribute to the development of gum disease, including:
- Poor oral hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque to accumulate on the teeth and gums, leading to inflammation and infection.
- Tobacco use: Smoking or chewing tobacco increases the risk of gum disease and can impair the body’s ability to heal damaged gum tissue.
- Genetics: Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to developing gum disease, even with good oral hygiene habits.
- Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause can increase the risk of gum disease.
- Certain medications: Some medications, such as certain types of anticonvulsants and immunosuppressants, can affect gum health and increase susceptibility to gum disease.
Symptoms of Gum Disease:
Common symptoms of gum disease may include:
- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Bleeding gums, especially during brushing or flossing
- Receding gums, resulting in tooth sensitivity or exposure of tooth roots
- Persistent bad breath or a foul taste in the mouth
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Pus between the teeth and gums
- Changes in the fit of dentures or other dental appliances
Treatment Options for Gum Disease:
Treatment for gum disease depends on the severity and extent of the condition. Options may include:
- Scaling and root planing: This deep cleaning procedure removes plaque and tartar from below the gumline and smooths the root surfaces to promote gum reattachment and healing.
- Antibiotic therapy: Antibiotics may be prescribed to control bacterial infection and reduce inflammation.
- Gum surgery: In advanced cases of gum disease, surgical procedures such as flap surgery or gum grafting may be necessary to repair damaged gum tissue and restore gum health.
- Ongoing maintenance: Regular dental check-ups and cleanings are essential for monitoring gum health and preventing recurrence of gum disease. Your dentist may recommend more frequent cleanings or periodontal maintenance visits to manage gum disease effectively.
Preventing Gum Disease:
Preventing gum disease begins with good oral hygiene habits and healthy lifestyle choices:
- Brush your teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily to remove plaque and bacteria from between teeth and along the gumline.
- Use an antimicrobial mouthwash to help reduce plaque and gingivitis.
- Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and limit sugary and acidic foods and beverages.
- Avoid tobacco use, which increases the risk of gum disease and other oral health problems.
