What Causes Tooth Decay and Cavities?
Tooth decay and cavities are caused by the interaction of bacteria, acids, and sugars in the mouth. When plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, forms on the teeth, it produces acids that erode the protective outer layer of the tooth enamel. Over time, this erosion can lead to the formation of cavities, which are small holes or areas of damage on the tooth surface. Factors that contribute to tooth decay and cavities include poor oral hygiene, frequent consumption of sugary or acidic foods and beverages, inadequate fluoride exposure, dry mouth, and certain medical conditions.
What are the Symptoms of Tooth Decay and Cavities?
Symptoms of tooth decay and cavities may vary depending on the severity and location of the decay but often include:
- Toothache or spontaneous pain.
- Sensitivity to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and beverages.
- Visible holes, pits, or discoloration on the teeth.
- Bad breath or an unpleasant taste in the mouth.
- Pain or discomfort when biting or chewing.
How Can Tooth Decay and Cavities be Prevented?
Preventing tooth decay and cavities involves adopting good oral hygiene habits and making healthy lifestyle choices. This includes:
- Brushing your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.
- Flossing daily to remove plaque and food particles from between teeth and along the gumline.
- Limiting consumption of sugary or acidic foods and beverages.
- Drinking fluoridated water or using fluoride mouthwash to strengthen tooth enamel.
- Seeking regular dental check-ups and cleanings to detect and address early signs of decay.
What Are the Treatment Options for Tooth Decay and Cavities?
Treatment for tooth decay and cavities depends on the severity and extent of the damage. Options may include:
- Dental fillings: Your dentist can repair small to moderate cavities by removing the decayed portion of the tooth and filling the cavity with a durable dental material such as composite resin or amalgam.
- Dental crowns: For larger or more extensive cavities, a dental crown may be placed to restore the shape, strength, and function of the tooth.
- Root canal therapy: If decay reaches the inner pulp of the tooth, causing infection or inflammation, root canal therapy may be necessary to remove the infected tissue and save the tooth.
- Tooth Extractions: In cases of severe decay or damage, the affected tooth may need to be extracted to prevent further complications and preserve oral health.
